By studying the guilds of the seven maritime cargo handling trades of Barcelona, this paper aims to contribute to the relatively limited, but growing scholarship of port labour during the late artisan phase, and of service-sector guilds in general. It examines the relationship between occupational and organizational cultures, the types and means of inculcating human and social capital, and the formal and informal determination of qualification in view of the different guild responses to liberalization and abolition. Unlike guilds in the secondary sector, these corporations were organized horizontally among masters and had neither journeymen, nor apprentices in their respective trades. Some of them provided services individually while others worked collectively. They generally prohibited internal and external employment schemes, and many of them used a turn system or another to level work opportunities. One of these guilds transitioned directly into a trade union; others became owner associations or dissolved into unorganized competitors. The period studied covers the flexibilization of the labour market through progressively advancing liberal reforms of monopolistic guild privileges and the formal abolition of Spanish guilds in 1836. Comparisons with other European ports further highlight the multiplicity of considerations for understanding occupational and organizational cultures and the trajectories of guilds in the service sector.

中文翻译：

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“公会 […] 不制造任何东西，也不生产任何人工制品”：巴塞罗那的七个海上货物装卸公会，c.1760–1840

通过研究巴塞罗那七个海上货物装卸行业的行会，本文旨在为晚期工匠阶段港口劳工和一般服务行业行会的相对有限但不断增长的学术做出贡献。它研究了职业文化和组织文化之间的关系，灌输人力和社会资本的类型和方法，以及鉴于公会对自由化和废除的不同反应而对资格的正式和非正式确定。与第二部门的行会不同，这些公司是由大师横向组织的，在各自的行业中既没有熟练工也没有学徒。他们中的一些人单独提供服务，而其他人则集体工作。他们通常禁止内部和外部就业计划，他们中的许多人使用轮流系统或其他系统来平衡工作机会。其中一个公会直接转变为工会；其他人则成为所有者协会或解散为无组织的竞争对手。所研究的时期涵盖了通过逐步推进垄断行会特权的自由改革和 1836 年西班牙行会的正式废除来实现劳动力市场的灵活性。与其他欧洲港口的比较进一步突出了理解职业和组织文化的多重考虑因素以及发展轨迹服务行业的行会。