Scholars and policymakers long believed that norms of global information openness and private-sector governance helped to sustain and promote liberalism. These norms are being increasingly contested within liberal democracies. In this article, we argue that a key source of debate over the Liberal International Information Order (LIIO), a sub-order of the Liberal International Order (LIO), is generated internally by “self-undermining feedback effects,” that is, mechanisms through which institutional arrangements undermine their own political conditions of survival over time. Empirically, we demonstrate how global governance of the Internet, transnational disinformation campaigns, and domestic information governance interact to sow the seeds of this contention. In particular, illiberal states converted norms of openness into a vector of attack, unsettling political bargains in liberal states concerning the LIIO. More generally, we set out a broader research agenda to show how the international relations discipline might better understand institutional change as well as the informational aspects of the current crisis in the LIO.

中文翻译：

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自由国际信息秩序的两面：当全球机构自我毁灭时

学者和政策制定者长期以来认为，全球信息开放和私营部门治理规范有助于维持和促进自由主义。这些规范在自由民主国家中受到越来越多的质疑。在本文中，我们认为，自由国际信息秩序 (LIIO) 是自由国际信息秩序 (LIO) 的一个子秩序，争论的一个关键来源是由“自我破坏的反馈效应”在内部产生的，即，随着时间的推移，制度安排通过这些机制破坏其自身的生存政治条件。根据经验，我们展示了互联网的全球治理、跨国虚假信息运动和国内信息治理如何相互作用，从而播下这场争论的种子。特别是，非自由国家将开放的规范转化为攻击的载体，自由国家关于LIIO的令人不安的政治交易。更一般地说，我们制定了更广泛的研究议程，以展示国际关系学科如何更好地理解制度变革以及 LIO 当前危机的信息方面。