In France, judicial expertise operates within a specific institutional framework at the same time as it covers a distinctive community of practitioners called upon for their technical or scientific knowledge to serve justice. Indeed, while experts in the US are selected by the litigants, the French model features judge-appointed experts. This model could offer better guarantee of independence and neutrality, to the point that recent developments in the US suggest the emergence of a new court-appointed expert. What does such an institutional model involve in terms of evidence production? To answer this question, this paper looks at two areas of expertise in France: economic experts and forensic pathologists. Through an ethnography of the co-production of legal evidence, it analyses the black box of the French practices of legal expertise and allows the way in which the institutional context influences the producing of legal evidence, beyond differences between a scalpel and a calculator, to be understood.

中文翻译：

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法国的手术刀、计算器和法官：从技术角度到法律证据

在法国，司法专业知识在特定的制度框架内运作，同时它涵盖了一个独特的从业人员社区，需要他们的技术或科学知识为正义服务。事实上，虽然美国的专家是由诉讼当事人选择的，但法国模式的特点是法官任命的专家。这种模式可以更好地保证独立性和中立性，以至于美国最近的事态发展表明出现了一位新的法院任命的专家。这种制度模式在证据生产方面涉及什么？为了回答这个问题，本文着眼于法国的两个专业领域：经济专家和法医病理学家。通过共同制作法律证据的民族志，