This article addresses the question of how the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Strategy to Reduce the Harmful Use of Alcohol (Global Strategy) and its Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) have been used in the context of discussions about alcohol and tobacco measures, respectively, in the World Trade Organization (WTO) Committee on Technical Barriers to Trade. The article finds considerable differences not only in the extent to which the FCTC is used compared to the Global Strategy , but also in the ways in which the two global health instruments have been used in the WTO context. The article proffers three key reasons for these differences: the legal status of the instrument; the content of the instrument in terms of whether it contains guidance as to the use of detailed, evidence-based measures; and the role and legitimacy that the instrument accords to the relevant industry interests. The article considers how the insights from the research can inform the developments in global governance of alcohol that are underway in WHO policy. It also positions its findings in terms of the wider international law debates about hard law versus soft law, and whether different types of international regulatory instruments and the legal status of these instruments impact their effectiveness in supporting domestic public health measures.

中文翻译：

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行动中的缺失：减少有害使用酒精的全球战略和世贸组织

本文解决了世界卫生组织（WHO）如何减少有害使用酒精的全球战略（全球战略）及其烟草控制框架公约 (FCTC) 已分别在世界贸易组织 (WTO) 技术性贸易壁垒委员会讨论酒精和烟草措施的背景下使用。本文发现，不仅在使用 FCTC 的程度与全球战略相比，而且在两种全球卫生文书在 WTO 环境中的使用方式上存在很大差异。文章提出了造成这些差异的三个关键原因：文书的法律地位；该文书的内容是否包含关于使用详细的循证措施的指南；以及文书赋予相关行业利益的作用和合法性。本文考虑了研究中的见解如何为世卫组织政策中正在进行的全球酒精治理发展提供信息。它还根据有关硬法与软法的更广泛的国际法辩论以及不同类型的国际监管文书和这些文书的法律地位是否影响其支持国内公共卫生措施的有效性来定位其调查结果。