This paper addresses how to think about the permissibility of introducing deadweight costs (so-called ‘ordeals’) on candidate recipients of goods in order to attain better outcomes. The paper introduces some distinctions between different kinds of value dimensions that should be taken into account when such judgements are made and draws from the literature on comparisons across different value dimensions in order to canvas what sort of situations one might arguably face when evaluating ordeals. In light of the distinctions drawn and the possibilities canvassed, the paper proceeds to outline what circumstances indicate which of the possible situations one is in.

中文翻译：

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将考验的成本和收益放在一起

本文讨论了如何考虑对候选商品接收者引入无谓成本（所谓的“考验”）以获得更好的结果的允许性。本文介绍了在做出此类判断时应考虑的不同价值维度之间的一些区别，并借鉴了有关不同价值维度的比较的文献，以探讨人们在评估磨难时可能面临的情况。鉴于所得出的区别和所探讨的可能性，本文继续概述哪些情况表明一个人处于哪种可能的情况。