Population dynamics of a predator-prey system is usually simulated by the classical Lotka-Volterra models, which were successfully applied to the population dynamics of snowshoe hare and lynx and many other predator-prey systems. Attempts were made to apply them also to insect predator-prey systems, but in terms of biological control, they did not reveal the features of the predators that control the abundance of their prey. The most conspicuous example of failure of Lotka-Volterra models applied to insect predator-prey systems are ladybird-aphid systems, in which these models usually fail to fit empirical data. Because of their practical importance and because they are very well studied, we have chosen aphid-ladybird systems as a model. We summarize the results published on various aspects of the population dynamics of aphid-ladybird systems and present them in the context of empirical data. Using new data, we more closely specify the existing metapopulation model of aphid-ladybird interactions. Based on the arguments presented here, we conclude that the ladybird-aphid case can be generalized to insect (and maybe even other) predator-prey systems, where the ratio of the generation times of the predator to that of the prey (GTR) is large. In such systems, the main selection pressure on predators is choosing the best strategy to maximize survival of their offspring, rather than on maximization of the amount of prey eaten. Thus voracity, which is the main determinant of population dynamics in Lotka-Volterra models, loses its role and is replaced by optimization of the choice of oviposition sites in systems with large GTRs.

中文翻译：

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与经典的Lotka-Volterra模型相反，世代时间比而不是脆弱性决定了昆虫-天敌系统的种群动态。

通常用经典的Lotka-Volterra模型来模拟捕食者-猎物系统的种群动态，该模型已成功地应用于雪鞋野兔和天猫座以及许多其他捕食者-猎物系统的种群动态。曾尝试将它们也应用于昆虫捕食者－猎物系统，但就生物学控制而言，它们并未揭示控制捕食者数量的捕食者的特征。应用于昆虫捕食者－猎物系统的Lotka-Volterra模型失败的最明显例子是瓢虫－蚜虫系统，其中这些模型通常不符合经验数据。由于它们的实际重要性以及对它们的深入研究，我们选择了蚜虫-瓢虫系统作为模型。我们总结了有关蚜虫-瓢虫系统种群动态各个方面的研究结果，并在经验数据的背景下进行了介绍。使用新数据，我们更紧密地指定了蚜虫与瓢虫相互作用的现有元种群模型。根据此处提出的论点，我们得出结论，瓢虫－蚜虫的情况可以推广到昆虫（甚至其他）捕食者－猎物系统，其中捕食者与猎物的生成时间之比为（GTR）大。在这样的系统中，捕食者面临的主要选择压力是选择最佳策略，以最大程度地提高其后代的生存能力，而不是最大程度地捕食被捕食的猎物。因此，流动性是Lotka-Volterra模型中人口动态的主要决定因素，