Bali faces serious environmental crises arising from overdevelopment of the tourism and real estate industry, including water shortage, rapid conversion of agricultural land, pollution, and economic and cultural displacement. This article traces continuities and discontinuities in the role of Indonesian environmental impact assessment (EIA) during and since the authoritarian ‘New Order’ period. Following the fall of the Suharto regime in 1998, the ‘Reform Era’ brought dramatic changes, democratizing and decentralizing Indonesia's governing institutions. Focusing on case studies of resort development projects in Bali from the 1990s to the present, this study examines the ongoing capture of legal processes by vested interests at the expense of prospects for sustainable development. Two particularly controversial projects in Benoa Bay, proposed in the different historical and structural settings of the two eras—the Bali Turtle Island Development (BTID) at Serangan Island in the Suharto era and the Tirta Wahana Bali Internasional (TWBI) proposal for the other side of Benoa in the ‘Reform Era’—enable instructive comparison. The study finds that despite significant changes in the environmental law regime, the EIA process still finds itself a tool of powerful interests in the efforts of political and economic elites to maintain control of decision-making and to displace popular opposition forces to the margins.

中文翻译：

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维持不可持续？巴厘岛环境影响评估与超开发

由于旅游业和房地产业的过度发展，巴厘岛面临着严重的环境危机，包括水资源短缺，农业用地的快速转换，污染以及经济和文化的流离失所。本文追溯了威权主义“新秩序”期间和之后印尼环境影响评估（EIA）角色的连续性和不连续性。苏哈托政权于1998年垮台后，“改革时代”带来了巨大变化，使印度尼西亚的管理机构民主化和权力下放。本研究以1990年代至今的巴厘岛度假胜地开发项目的案例研究为重点，研究了既得利益集团以可持续发展前景为代价不断捕获法律程序的情况。贝诺阿湾的两个特别有争议的项目，在两个时代的不同历史和结构背景下提出的建议：在苏哈托时代的实龙岗岛的巴厘海龟岛开发（BTID）和在“改革时代”的贝诺瓦另一侧的提尔塔瓦哈纳巴厘岛国际（TWBI）提议-启用有益的比较。研究发现，尽管环境法制度发生了重大变化，但环境影响评估程序仍然发现自己是政治和经济精英维持决策控制和将反对派民众驱逐到边缘的努力中的强大利益工具。