Ladle slag entrainment during the last stages of ladle draining contaminates the liquid steel in the tundish. Another effect of ladle slag is that it contaminates the tundish covering and hinders it to perform its intended functions. Affected area of tundish covering by ladle slag entrainment was quantified using a first principle-based mechanistic model in this study. Ladle slag hits the bottom of the tundish and bounces back towards the tundish cover and forms a plume-like structure. A reduced scale model was developed, and the phenomena of ladle slag entrainment were monitored using a high-speed high-resolution camera along with shadowgraphy. Slag plume velocity was measured automatically using an image processing software, ImageJ. Plume velocity was found to be reducing during last stages of entrainment. Total affected area consists of a primary area and a secondary extension area. Diameters of the primary, secondary, and total affected area are calculated using a first principle-based mechanistic model and validated with the physical modeling experiments. Additionally, the pushing of tundish slag by the ladle slag was observed in one of the four distinct stages of ladle draining condition.

钢包排放的最后阶段钢包夹渣污染了中间包中的钢水。钢包渣的另一个作用是污染了中间包，阻碍了中间包的功能。在本研究中，使用第一个基于原理的机械模型来量化受钢包渣夹带影响的中间包覆盖面积。钢包渣碰到中间包的底部，然后向中间包盖反弹并形成羽状结构。建立了一个缩小比例的模型，并使用高速高分辨率照相机和皮影摄影技术来监控钢包渣的夹带现象。使用图像处理软件ImageJ自动测量炉渣羽流速度。发现在夹带的最后阶段羽流速度降低。总受影响区域包括一个主要区域和一个次要扩展区域。使用第一个基于原理的机械模型计算主要，次要和总受影响区域的直径，并通过物理建模实验进行验证。另外，在钢包排放条件的四个不同阶段之一中，观察到钢包渣对中间包渣的推动作用。