Critical event information dissemination has been proliferating on VANET allowing road safety via connected vehicular communications. Despite the prospect of promising applications in vehicular networks, it faces unresolved challenges that hold the capability to slow down network performance upon deployment, especially in terms of security. Particularly, insider attacks such as Blackhole attacks that are carried out against VANET systems can disrupt the networks’ average performance and prevent communication between vehicles entirely. Many state-of-the-art solutions have been proposed to detect and eliminate such nodes based on reputation systems and broadcast routing. However, if the network consists of multiple malicious nodes, the message dissemination could fail due to broadcast message tampering attack or packet dropping. In this study, we explore to answer the question of “can we improve the insider attacks mitigation in VANET by enhancing the trust in the network system so that the possibility of successful attacks can be reduced?”. To answer this question, in this paper, we present the blockchain-based decentralized trust score framework for the participating nodes to detect and blacklist insider attackers in VANET proactively. We propose a two-level detection system, in which at the first level, neighboring nodes calculate the trust individually. In the second level, a consortium blockchain-based system with authorized Road Side Units (RSUs) as validators, aggregate trust scores for vehicular nodes. Then, based on trust scores reported by the neighboring nodes, the blacklist node tables are dynamically modified. The experimental analysis shows that the proposed system is efficient and scalable in terms of the network’s practical size. Finally, we also present evidence that the proposed system improves the VANET performance by mitigating and blacklisting insider attack launching nodes.

关键事件信息的传播已在VANET上迅速传播，从而通过连接的车辆通信实现道路安全。尽管在车载网络中有望应用前景广阔，但它仍面临尚未解决的挑战，这些挑战具有在部署时降低网络性能的能力，特别是在安全性方面。特别是，针对VANET系统执行的内部攻击（如黑洞攻击）可能会破坏网络的平均性能并完全阻止车辆之间的通信。已经提出了许多最新的解决方案来基于信誉系统和广播路由来检测和消除此类节点。但是，如果网络由多个恶意节点组成，则消息传播可能会由于广播消息篡改攻击或数据包丢失而失败。在这项研究中，“我们是否可以通过增强对网络系统的信任度来改善VANET中的内部攻击缓解措施，从而减少成功攻击的可能性？”。为了回答这个问题，在本文中，我们提出了基于区块链的去中心化信任评分框架，供参与节点主动检测并在VANET中将内部攻击者列入黑名单。我们提出了一个两级检测系统，其中在第一级，相邻节点分别计算信任度。在第二层中，以授权路边单位（RSU）作为验证者的基于联盟的基于区块链的系统汇总了车辆节点的信任分数。然后，根据相邻节点报告的信任分数，动态修改黑名单节点表。实验分析表明，从网络的实际规模来看，该系统是高效且可扩展的。最后，