Patients with extracranial tumors, like lung, breast, and skin cancers, often develop brain metastases (BM) during the course of their diseases and BM commonly represent the terminal stage of cancer progression. Recent insights in the immune biology of BM and the increasing focus of immunotherapy as a therapeutic option for cancer has prompted testing of promising biological immunotherapies, including immune cell-targeting, virotherapy, vaccines, and different cell-based therapies. Here, we review the pathobiology of BM progression and evaluate the potential of next-generation immunotherapies for BM tumors. We also provide future perspectives on the development and implementation of such therapies for brain metastatic cancer patients.

患有颅外肿瘤（如肺癌、乳腺癌和皮肤癌）的患者在其疾病过程中经常发生脑转移（BM），而脑转移通常代表癌症进展的终末阶段。最近对 BM 免疫生物学的认识以及作为癌症治疗选择的免疫疗法越来越受到关注，这促使人们对有前景的生物免疫疗法进行测试，包括免疫细胞靶向、病毒疗法、疫苗和不同的基于细胞的疗法。在这里，我们回顾了 BM 进展的病理生物学，并评估了下一代免疫疗法治疗 BM 肿瘤的潜力。我们还为脑转移癌患者的此类疗法的开发和实施提供了未来的观点。