Manufacturers that develop product-service innovation (PSI) attend increasingly to two criteria: choosing the right set of technologies to achieve PSI, and choosing how to manage the technologies—that is, whether to manage them internally or through collaboration with knowledge-intensive business service (KIBS) firms. This study argues that manufacturing outcomes for financial and organizational performance depend on the organization's decision whether or not to develop PSI and how the two criteria coexist and interact. To test this hypothesis, a sample of Spanish manufacturing firms was chosen through purposive sampling. A fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) of the data returned two superior manufacturing performance scenarios. One involved pure manufacturers that did not develop PSI and relied entirely on traditional supportive manufacturing technologies. The other involved servitized manufacturers that developed PSI with or without KIBS firms and benefitted from access to larger Smart Manufacturing technologies. This study is novel in affirming the importance of choosing the right set of technologies for manufacturers that embrace service infusion. The study also reaffirms the role of KIBS firms in supporting PSI, while recognising that collaboration with KIBS firms enables firms to benefit from Smart Manufacturing technologies.

开发产品服务创新 (PSI) 的制造商越来越关注两个标准：选择正确的技术集来实现 PSI，以及选择如何管理这些技术——即是在内部管理它们还是通过与知识密集型企业合作服务（KIBS）公司。本研究认为，财务和组织绩效的制造结果取决于组织是否制定 PSI 的决定以及这两个标准如何共存和相互作用。为了检验这一假设，通过有目的抽样选择了西班牙制造公司的样本。数据的模糊集定性比较分析（fsQCA）返回了两个优越的制造性能场景。一个涉及没有开发 PSI 并完全依赖传统支持制造技术的纯制造商。其他涉及服务制造商，无论是否有 KIBS 公司都开发了 PSI，并从获得更大的智能制造技术中受益。这项研究的新颖之处在于肯定了为接受服务注入的制造商选择正确的技术集的重要性。该研究还重申了 KIBS 公司在支持 PSI 方面的作用，同时认识到与 KIBS 公司的合作使公司能够从智能制造技术中受益。这项研究的新颖之处在于肯定了为接受服务注入的制造商选择正确的技术集的重要性。该研究还重申了 KIBS 公司在支持 PSI 方面的作用，同时认识到与 KIBS 公司的合作使公司能够从智能制造技术中受益。这项研究的新颖之处在于肯定了为接受服务注入的制造商选择正确的技术集的重要性。该研究还重申了 KIBS 公司在支持 PSI 方面的作用，同时认识到与 KIBS 公司的合作使公司能够从智能制造技术中受益。