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Mortality among birds and bats during an extreme heat event in eastern South Africa
Austral Ecology ( IF 1.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-11 , DOI: 10.1111/aec.13025
Andrew E. McKechnie 1, 2 , Ian A. Rushworth 3 , Ferdi Myburgh 3 , Susan J. Cunningham 4
Affiliation  

Heat‐related mortality events involving birds and bats are projected to occur more frequently as a result of anthropogenic global heating. Reports of mass mortalities associated with extreme heat have, over the last decade, mostly involved Australian birds and pteropodid flying‐foxes. Here, we report a mortality event involving ~110 birds and fruit bats in eastern South Africa in early November 2020 when maximum air temperatures (Tmax) reached 43–45°C and relative humidities were 21–23%. The mortalities included 47 birds of 14 species, all but three of which were passerines, and ~60 Wahlberg’s epauletted fruit bats (Epomophorus wahlbergi). This mortality event occurred on a single very hot day preceded by several cooler days (Tmax = 37–39°C at one location) and involved weather conditions similar to those associated with at least one recent flying‐fox die‐off in Australia. The disproportionately high representation of passerines among the avian mortalities supports recent predictions that songbirds are more vulnerable to lethal hyperthermia on account of the relative inefficiency of panting as an avenue of evaporative heat dissipation. As far as we are aware, this is the first documented heat‐related mortality event involving wild birds and bats in southern Africa.

中文翻译:

南非东部极端高温事件中鸟类和蝙蝠的死亡率

预计由于人为的全球升温,涉及鸟类和蝙蝠的与热有关的死亡事件会更频繁地发生。在过去的十年中,与极端高温相关的大规模死亡的报告主要涉及澳大利亚鸟类和翼足类飞狐。在这里,我们报告了2020年11月上旬南非东部约110只鸟和果蝠的死亡事件,当时最高气温(T max)达到43–45°C,相对湿度为21–23%。死亡人数包括14种47种鸟类,其中只有3种为雀形目,还有60株Wahlberg的坟墓果蝠(Epomophorus wahlbergi)。此死亡事件发生在非常炎热的一天,然后是凉爽的几天(T max =一处温度为37–39°C),并且所涉及的天气条件与至少近期在澳大利亚发生的一次死飞狐死亡相关的天气条件相似。禽类死亡率中雀形核的比例过高,这支持了最近的预测,即鸣鸟由于气喘作为蒸发散热的相对效率低下,因此更容易受到致命的体温过高的影响。据我们所知,这是南部非洲首例有记录的与热相关的死亡事件,涉及野生鸟类和蝙蝠。
更新日期:2021-05-15
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