Detecting small-size objects is a primary challenge at archaeological sites due to the high degree of heterogeneity present in the near surface. Although high-resolution reflection seismic imaging often delivers the target resolution of the subsurface in different near-surface settings, the standard processing for obtaining an image of the subsurface is not suitable to map local diffractors. This happens because shallow seismic-reflection data are often dominated by strong surface waves that might cover weaker diffractions and because traditional common-midpoint moveout corrections are only optimal for reflection events. We propose an approach for imaging subsurface objects using masked diffractions. These masked diffractions are first revealed by a combination of seismic interferometry and nonstationary adaptive subtraction, and then further enhanced through crosscoherence-based supervirtual interferometry. A diffraction image is then computed by a spatial summation of the revealed diffractions. We use the phase-weighted stack to enhance the coherent summation of weak diffraction signals. Using synthetic data, we show that our scheme is robust in locating diffractors from data dominated by strong Love waves. We test our method on field data acquired at an archaeological site. The resulting distribution of shallow diffractors agrees with the location of anomalous objects identified in the $V_{\mathrm{S}}$ model obtained by elastic SH/Love full-waveform inversion using the same field data. The anomalous objects correspond to the position of a suspected burial, also detected in an independent magnetic survey and corings.

中文翻译：

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基于干涉工作流的考古现场近地表衍射检测

由于近地表中存在高度的异质性，因此在考古现场，检测小型物体是一项主要挑战。尽管高分辨率反射地震成像通常会在不同的近地面设置中提供地下目标分辨率，但是用于获取地下图像的标准处理不适合绘制局部衍射图。发生这种情况是因为浅地震反射数据通常由可能覆盖较弱衍射的强表面波控制，并且传统的中点偏移校正仅对反射事件最佳。我们提出了一种使用掩膜衍射对地下物体成像的方法。这些掩盖的衍射首先通过地震干涉法和非平稳自适应减法相结合来揭示，然后通过基于交叉相干的超虚拟干涉技术进一步增强。然后通过显示的衍射的空间求和来计算衍射图像。我们使用相位加权堆栈来增强弱衍射信号的相干求和。使用合成数据，我们证明了我们的方案在根据强Love波主导的数据中定位衍射器方面是鲁棒的。我们在考古现场获取的现场数据上测试了我们的方法。浅衍射物的最终分布与在光学显微镜中确定的异常物体的位置一致。我们证明了我们的方案在从由强Love波控制的数据中定位衍射器方面是鲁棒的。我们在考古现场获取的现场数据上测试了我们的方法。浅衍射物的最终分布与在光学显微镜中确定的异常物体的位置一致。我们证明了我们的方案在从由强Love波控制的数据中定位衍射器方面是鲁棒的。我们在考古现场获取的现场数据上测试了我们的方法。浅衍射物的最终分布与在光学显微镜中确定的异常物体的位置一致。${\mathrm{伏特}}_{\mathrm{小号}}$使用相同的场数据，通过弹性SH / Love全波形反演获得的模型。异常物体对应于可疑墓葬的位置，也可以在独立的磁测和取芯中检测到。