ABSTRACT

The port of Veracruz is one of the most important ports in Mexico and is currently in the process of a major expansion. The new port area, “Bahía Norte”, will be three times larger than the current port, “Bahía Sur”. Atmospheric emissions from the Veracruz port system, specifically from the engines of ships undergoing maneuvering and hotelling operations, were determined on a daily basis from 2018 to 2019 for sulfur dioxide (SO₂), nitrogen oxides (NO_x), carbon monoxide (CO), non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC), particles (PM), particles smaller than 10 micrometers (PM₁₀), particles smaller than 2.5 micrometers (PM_2.5) and carbon dioxide (CO₂). A bottom-up method was used to estimate the atmospheric emissions, based on official data from the European Environment Agency. The method utilizes on technical information on the type of ship, the power of the main engine (ME) and auxiliary engine (AE), load factor, specific fuel consumption, and spent time in the maneuvering and hotelling phases. The highest atmospheric emissions occurred in the hotelling phase. For the “Bahía Sur” emissions (Mg/year) were 328.6, 993.3, 122.3, 30.6, 22.9, 19.1, 18.5 and 52,723.4 for SO₂, NO_x, CO, NMVOC, PM, PM₁₀, PM_2.5 and CO₂, respectively. For “Bahía Norte” the corresponding emissions were 43.9, 132.7, 16.3, 4.1, 3.1, 2.5, 2.3 and 7,040.9, also in the hotelling phase. The average combined of the atmospheric emissions from maneuvering and hotelling phases (Mg/year) were 1.18, 3.49, 0.44, 0.13, 0.09, 0.08, 0.07, and 189.23 for SO₂, NO_x, CO, NMVOC, PM, PM₁₀, PM_2.5 and CO₂, respectively. During the 2018–2019 period of the study the “Bahía Sur” contributed ~87% and the “Bahía Norte” ~13% of the atmospheric emissions.

Implications: The atmospheric emissions reported in this study can be used for the simulation of air quality considering environmental or photochemical pollution models, since atmospheric emissions are reported on a daily basis and compliance with air quality can be monitored considering the reference-concentration established by the Official Mexican Standards in order to propose prevention, minimization and control measures. In addition, the analysis of the information that was carried out in this study may be applied to other port systems in Mexico that are located on the Pacific coast and the Gulf-Caribbean.

摘要

韦拉克鲁斯港是墨西哥最重要的港口之一，目前正在大规模扩建。新港区“Bahía Norte”将比现有港口“Bahía Sur”大三倍。从 2018 年到 2019 年，韦拉克鲁斯港口系统的大气排放，特别是进行机动和旅馆操作的船舶的发动机，每天测定二氧化硫 (SO ₂ )、氮氧化物 (NO _x )、一氧化碳 (CO) 、非甲烷挥发性有机化合物 (NMVOC)、颗粒物 (PM)、小于 10 微米的颗粒物 (PM ₁₀ )、小于 2.5 微米的颗粒物 (PM _2.5 ) 和二氧化碳 (CO ₂）。根据欧洲环境署的官方数据，使用自下而上的方法来估算大气排放量。该方法利用了关于船舶类型、主机 (ME) 和辅机 (AE) 的功率、负载系数、特定燃料消耗以及在操纵和旅馆阶段花费的时间的技术信息。最高的大气排放发生在旅馆阶段。对于“巴伊亚苏尔”排放（MG /年）为328.6，993.3，122.3，30.6，22.9，19.1，18.5和52,723.4为SO ₂，NO _X，CO，NMVOC，PM，PM ₁₀，PM _2.5和CO ₂， 分别。对于“北巴伊亚”，相应的排放量分别为 43.9、132.7、16.3、4.1、3.1、2.5、2.3 和 7,040.9，同样处于旅馆阶段。SO ₂、NO _x、CO、NMVOC、PM、PM ₁₀、机动和旅店阶段大气排放的平均组合（Mg/年）分别为 1.18、3.49、0.44、0.13、0.09、0.08、0.07 和 189.23分别为PM _2.5和 CO ₂。在 2018-2019 年的研究期间，“Bahía Sur”贡献了约 87% 的大气排放量，“Bahía Norte”贡献了约 13% 的大气排放量。

影响: 本研究中报告的大气排放量可用于模拟空气质量，考虑环境或光化学污染模型，因为每天报告大气排放量，并且可以通过考虑参考浓度来监测空气质量的达标情况。墨西哥官方标准，以提出预防、最小化和控制措施。此外，本研究中进行的信息分析可能适用于墨西哥位于太平洋沿岸和加勒比海湾地区的其他港口系统。