While total factor productivity (TFP) difference between the subsistence and commercial farm types is negligible, a large number of subsistence‐based farms remain outside the market economy, and national policies have emphasized the need to bring them into the fold of commercial agriculture. Improving market access may help induce greater farm commercialization and thus greater investment in agriculture. However, there is little empirical evidence on farm‐level factors that stimulate agricultural commercialization in SSA. Using a nationally representative panel data from the Living Standards Measurement Study‐Integrated Surveys on Agriculture, this article estimates the likelihood of being a commercial versus a subsistence farmer and the likelihood of transitioning from one farm type to another based on observable characteristics in Nigeria and Tanzania. The analysis demonstrates that although a substantial proportion of farms have no market participation in a given year, there are rich transition dynamics over time. The results from the probit regression show that resource endowments (land, labor, chemical use) and farm characteristics (multicropping system; irrigation; crop types such as fruits, vegetables, and cash crops; and animal traction use) do matter for market participation and the transitioning of subsistence farms into a market economy. These variables are positively correlated with farm commercialization and increase the likelihood of market participation. Overall, policies aimed at improving farmers' access to resources and promoting sustainable smallholder agriculture could be instrumental in raising productivity in agriculture and enhancing marketable agricultural output.

中文翻译：

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尼日利亚和坦桑尼亚的农场商业化驱动力

尽管生存和商业农场类型之间的全要素生产率（TFP）差异可以忽略不计，但许多以生存为基础的农场仍处于市场经济之外，国家政策强调必须将它们纳入商业农业的范围。改善市场准入可能有助于促使更多的农场商业化，从而增加对农业的投资。但是，关于刺激SSA中农业水平商业化的农场层面因素的经验证据很少。使用《生活水平衡量研究》-《农业综合调查》中具有全国代表性的面板数据，本文根据尼日利亚和坦桑尼亚的可观察特征，估计了成为商业农民还是自给自足农民的可能性，以及从一种农场类型过渡到另一种农场的可能性。分析表明，尽管在给定年份中很大一部分农场都没有市场参与，但随着时间的流逝，过渡趋势会很丰富。概率回归的结果表明，资源end赋（土地，劳动力，化学品的使用）和农场特征（复种系统；灌溉；诸如水果，蔬菜和经济作物的作物类型；以及动物牵引的使用）对市场参与和发展具有重要意义。维持生计的农场向市场经济的过渡。这些变量与农场的商业化正相关，并增加了市场参与的可能性。全面的，