This paper presents a high-efficiency compact ( $0.016\lambda _{0}^{2}$ ) textile-integrated energy harvesting and storage module for RF power transfer. A flexible 50 $\mu \text{m}$ -thick coplanar waveguide rectenna filament is integrated with a spray-coated supercapacitor to realize an “e-textile” energy supply module. The meandered antenna maintains an $S_{11}< -6$ dB inside and outside the fabric and in human proximity with a 2.3 dBi gain. The rectifier achieves a peak RF-DC efficiency of 80%, across a 4.5 $\text{k}\Omega $ load, and a 1.8 V open-circuit voltage from −7 dBm. The supercapacitor is directly spray-coated on a cotton substrate using carbon and an aqueous electrolyte. When connected to the supercapacitor, the rectifier achieves over an octave half-power bandwidth. The textile-integrated rectenna is demonstrated charging the supercapacitor to 1.5 V (8.4 mJ) in 4 minutes, at 4.2 m from a license-free source, demonstrating a significant improvement over previous rectennas while eliminating power management circuitry. The integrated module has an end-to-end efficiency of 38% at 1.8 m from the transmitter. On-body, the rectenna’s efficiency is 4.8%, inclusive of in-body losses and transient shadowing, harvesting 4 mJ in 32 seconds from 16.6 $\mu \text{W}$ /cm ² . It is concluded that e-textile rectennas are the most efficient method for powering wearables from $\mu \text{W}$ /cm ² power densities.

中文翻译：

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基于电子纺织共面波导接收器和超级电容器的射频供电的可穿戴式能量采集和存储模块

本文提出了一种高效紧凑型（ $ 0.016 \ lambda _ {0} ^ {2} $ ）集成了纺织品的能量收集和存储模块，用于RF功率传输。灵活的50 $ \ mu \ text {m} $ 厚的共面波导整流天线灯丝与喷涂超级电容器集成在一起，以实现“电子纺织”能源供应模块。弯曲的天线保持 $ S_ {11} <-6 $ 织物内部和外部的dB，以及人体附近的dB，增益为2.3 dBi。该整流器在4.5的峰值时间内实现了80％的峰值RF-DC效率 $ \ text {k} \ Omega $ 负载，以及-7 dBm至1.8 V的开路电压。使用碳和水性电解质将超级电容器直接喷涂在棉质基材上。当连接到超级电容器时，整流器可达到八度半功率带宽。展示了集成了纺织品的整流天线，可在4分钟内将超级电容器充电至1.5 V（8.4 mJ），距离免许可证来源的距离为4.2 m，这表明它在消除电源管理电路的同时，比以前的整流天线有了显着改进。集成模块在距变送器1.8 m处的端到端效率为38％。体上，整流天线的效率为4.8％，包括体内损耗和瞬态阴影，从16.6的32秒内收获4 mJ $ \ mu \ text {W} $ / cm ² 。结论是，电子纺织整流天线是为可穿戴设备供电的最有效方法。 $ \ mu \ text {W} $ / cm ²功率密度。