Connectors are significant contributors to passive intermodulation (PIM) in microwave systems. In this letter, a generalized network method is presented for evaluating the PIM from multiple connectors. Taking a structure composed of two connectors and a transmission line as an example, a generalized network model describing both linear and nonlinear relationships is developed and an expression of the third-order PIM is given. Finally, PIM measurements of a microstrip line with two subminiature version A (SMA) connectors are reported to validate the network model.

中文翻译：

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广义网络法评估来自多个连接器的无源互调

连接器是微波系统中无源互调（PIM）的重要贡献者。在这封信中，提出了一种用于评估来自多个连接器的PIM的通用网络方法。以由两个连接器和一条传输线组成的结构为例，建立了同时描述线性和非线性关系的广义网络模型，并给出了三​​阶PIM的表达式。最后，报告了带有两个超小型版本A（SMA）连接器的微带线的PIM测量，以验证网络模型。