ABSTRACT

Informed by an existing hope scale, we explored the roles of hope, happiness, and life satisfaction in adolescent risk behaviours in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, a setting with high HIV prevalence. In 2016 data were collected from two resource-limited communities using in-depth interviews, group discussions and lifeline-drawings with 53 young people (aged 15 to 17 years). Applying both deductive and inductive approaches, thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. Young people felt that there was nothing to do in their communities and no way out of their adverse situations. They experienced trauma of loss due to HIV-related deaths, and lack of support and guidance which they wanted if they were to be more hopeful. Continual and extended exposure to adverse experiences such as community violence and economic hardship had a negative impact on young people’s lives and increased participation in risk behaviours. To develop HIV prevention and resilience interventions in such communities, there is a need to take account of the context of young people’s lives. Rather than ignoring the structural causes of the infection, risk factors should be contextualised as a key component of any attempts to change behaviours. Resource and power inequalities should be addressed rather than developing individualised interventions which may inadvertently increase social inequalities.

摘要

根据现有的希望量表，我们探讨了希望，幸福和生活满意度在南非夸祖鲁-纳塔尔省农村地区艾滋病毒高发地区的青少年风险行为中的作用。2016年，通过对53名年轻人（年龄在15至17岁之间）进行深入访谈，小组讨论和画生命线，从两个资源有限的社区收集了数据。运用演绎法和归纳法，主题分析被用来分析数据。年轻人感到自己的社区没有事可做，没有摆脱不利局面的办法。他们因与艾滋病毒有关的死亡而蒙受了损失的创伤，并且缺乏希望得到更多希望的支持和指导。持续不断地接触诸如社区暴力和经济困难之类的不利经验，对年轻人的生活产生不利影响，并增加了他们对风险行为的参与。为了在此类社区中开展艾滋病毒预防和抵御能力干预措施，有必要考虑到年轻人生活的背景。不应忽略感染的结构原因，而应将风险因素作为改变行为的任何尝试的关键组成部分。应解决资源和权力不平等问题，而不是制定可能会无意中增加社会不平等现象的个性化干预措施。有必要考虑到年轻人的生活。不应忽略感染的结构原因，而应将风险因素作为改变行为的任何尝试的关键组成部分。应解决资源和权力不平等问题，而不是制定可能会无意中增加社会不平等现象的个性化干预措施。有必要考虑到年轻人的生活。不应忽略感染的结构原因，而应将风险因素作为改变行为的任何尝试的关键组成部分。应解决资源和权力不平等问题，而不是制定可能会无意中增加社会不平等现象的个性化干预措施。