ABSTRACT

The purpose of the study was to investigate the association between occupational balance and well-being in older adults. The sample was 2,142 older adults (aged 65 and older; mean age=73.4; 59.6% female) from the American Time-Use Survey (ATUS). Work and leisure time use was reported as the amount of time (min) spent on work and leisure occupations in the 24-hour day. A median split of total time spent on both work and leisure was used to create 4 time-use groups: high work-high leisure = active balanced; high work-low leisure = work-focused; low work-high leisure = leisure-focused; and low work-low leisure = inactive balanced. Well-being was rated from 0 (the worst possible life) to 10 (the best possible life). Results showed that the active balanced group had significantly higher well-being than the inactive balanced group, after controlling for perceived health and well-restedness (p<0.05). There were no significant differences between any other group combinations (e.g., leisure-focused vs. work-focused and work-focused vs. active-balanced). These findings are consistent with the occupational science literature indicating the importance of active participation in both work and leisure occupations for higher well-being and extended to the older adult population.

摘要

该研究的目的是调查老年人的职业平衡与幸福感之间的关系。样本是来自美国时间使用调查 (ATUS) 的 2,142 名老年人（65 岁及以上；平均年龄 = 73.4；59.6% 为女性）。工作和休闲时间使用报告为一天 24 小时内花在工作和休闲活动上的时间量（分钟）。花费在工作和休闲上的总时间的中位数划分被用来创建 4 个时间使用组：高工作-高休闲 = 积极平衡；高工作-低休闲=以工作为中心；低工作-高休闲=以休闲为中心；低工作-低休闲 = 不活跃平衡。幸福感从 0（最糟糕的生活）到 10（最好的生活）进行评分。结果表明，积极平衡组的幸福感明显高于不活跃平衡组，在控制感知健康和休息良好后 (p<0.05)。任何其他组组合之间没有显着差异（例如，以休闲为中心与以工作为中心以及以工作为中心与积极平衡）。这些发现与休闲科学文献一致，表明积极参与工作和休闲活动对于提高幸福感并扩展到老年人群的重要性。