The current study examines failed mass shootings in the United States between 2003 and 2018. This exploratory research provides a summary of failed mass shooting perpetrator and incident characteristics, drawing from crime script analysis to examine the preparation, attack, and conclusion stages, as well as points of failure. Findings indicate suicidal ideation, attack realities, and weapon preparedness may play a role in attack failures. Furthermore, situational crime prevention (SCP) techniques including target hardening and access control contributed to harm mitigation when individuals without legitimate access conducted attacks. Internal SCP measures, including lockdowns, place managers, and armed security, helped prevent victimization in open access or semi-protected locations once the perpetrator entered the building. A discussion of findings highlights implications for public safety and policy.

本研究调查了2003年至2018年间美国失败的大规模枪击事件。该探索性研究从犯罪脚本分析中总结了失败的大规模枪击肇事者和事件特征，以检查准备阶段，攻击阶段和结论阶段，以及故障点。研究结果表明自杀意念，攻击现实和武器准备状况可能在攻击失败中起作用。此外，当没有合法访问权限的个人进行攻击时，包括目标强化和访问控制在内的情境犯罪预防（SCP）技术有助于减轻危害。一旦施暴者进入建筑物，SCP的内部措施（包括封锁，场所管理人员和武装安全）有助于防止在开放式通道或半保护区受害。