Smart cities constitute a new urban paradigm and a hegemonic phenomenon in contemporary city development. The concept envisages a data-enhanced future and efficiency gains made possible by automation and innovation in city activities and utilities. However, the way smart cities are created brings about two weaknesses. First, there is strong compartmentation of solutions and systems, which are developing in vertical markets for energy, transport, governance, safety, etc., silos with little interoperability and sharing of resources. Second, there is a low impact, some increase in efficiency, some reduction in costs, time gained, some decrease in CO₂ emissions. There is an important knowledge gap about developing cross-sector, high-impact smart city systems. This paper deals with these challenges and investigates a different direction in smart city design and efficiency. We focus on ‘Connected Intelligence Spaces’ created in smart city ecosystems, which (a) have physical, social, and digital dimensions; (b) work as systems of innovation enabling synergies between human, machine, and collective intelligence; and (c) improve efficiency and performance by innovating rather than optimizing city routines. The research hypothesis we assess is about a universal architecture of high impact smart city projects, due to underlying connected intelligence spaces and cyber-physical-social systems of innovation. We assess this hypothesis with empirical evidence from case studies related to smart city projects dealing with safety (Vision-Zero), transportation (MaaS), and energy (positive energy districts). We highlight the main elements of operation and how high efficiency is achieved across these verticals. We identify commonalities, common innovation functions, and associations between functions, allowing us to define a common architecture enabling innovation and high performance across smart city ecosystems.

智慧城市构成了当代城市发展中的一种新的城市范式和霸权现象。该概念设想了数据增强的未来，并且通过城市活动和公共事业的自动化和创新可以实现效率的提高。但是，智慧城市的创建方式存在两个缺点。首先，解决方案和系统之间存在很强的隔断，这些解决方案和系统在能源，运输，治理，安全等垂直市场中不断发展，它们之间的互操作性和资源共享很少。其次，影响不大，效率有所提高，成本，所节省的时间有所减少，CO ₂有所减少排放。开发跨部门，高影响力的智慧城市系统存在重要的知识鸿沟。本文针对这些挑战进行了研究，并探讨了智慧城市设计和效率方面的另一个方向。我们专注于在智慧城市生态系统中创建的“互联智能空间”，（a）具有物理，社会和数字维度；（b）作为创新系统，使人，机器和集体智慧之间产生协同作用；（c）通过创新而不是优化城市惯例来提高效率和绩效。我们评估的研究假设是关于具有高影响力的智慧城市项目的通用架构，这归因于潜在的互联智能空间和创新的网络-物理-社会系统。我们使用与智慧城市项目有关的案例研究来评估该假设，这些案例涉及与安全（愿景为零），交通（MaaS）和能源（正能量区）相关的智慧城市项目。我们重点介绍了运营的主要要素以及这些垂直领域如何实现高效率。我们确定了共性，共同的创新功能以及功能之间的关联，从而使我们能够定义一个通用架构，从而在整个智慧城市生态系统中实现创新和高性能。