How do populists conduct foreign policy? The existing literature on populism focuses mainly on domestic patterns, and until recently the foreign dimension of populism has been largely overlooked. This paper aims to fill theoretical and empirical lacunae by mapping patterns of change and continuity in the formulation of geopolitical and economic international policy among Latin-American populist governments. Striving to conduct a systematic comparative analysis, this paper explores three waves of populist foreign policies in Latin America (classic, neoliberal, and progressive). While it is difficult to highlight a unified phenomenon, the findings reveal that several ‘unifying’ elements indeed exist: they are manifest in the tendency of such governments to jointly (re)construct transnational solidarities for legitimation purposes and to adopt economic foreign policies with a pragmatic bent. Moreover, in opposition to the two first waves of populist governments, the most recent wave has embraced personalist styles, emotional public diplomacy, and clientelist techniques with support networks abroad, thus actively projecting the domestic patterns of populism to the regional and global levels in an attempt to leverage both domestic and international legitimacy. This study offers critical lessons for IR scholarship’s increasing engagement with populism, contributing to the lively debate regarding the rise of populist trends across the globe.

民粹主义者如何执行外交政策？现有的关于民粹主义的文献主要集中在国内模式上，直到最近，民粹主义在国外的层面一直被忽视。本文旨在通过绘制拉丁美洲民粹主义政府之间地缘政治和经济国际政策制定过程中变化和连续性的模式来填补理论和经验上的空白。为了进行系统的比较分析，本文探索了拉丁美洲民粹主义外交政策的三波浪潮（经典，新自由主义和进步）。虽然很难强调一个统一的现象，但调查结果表明确实存在几个“统一”要素：这些趋势体现在这些政府为合法化目的联合（重建）跨国团结并采取务实的经济外交政策的趋势中。此外，与前两个民粹主义政府浪潮相对，最近一波浪潮采用了个人主义风格，感性的公共外交和具有海外支持网络的客户至上技巧，从而积极地将民粹主义的国内模式推向了区域和全球层面。试图利用国内和国际的合法性。这项研究为IR奖学金越来越多地参与民粹主义提供了重要的经验教训，为有关全球民粹主义趋势崛起的激烈辩论做出了贡献。与前两次民粹主义政府浪潮相对，最近一波浪潮采用了个人主义风格，感性的公共外交和客户支持技术以及国外的支持网络，从而积极地将民粹主义的国内模式推向了地区和全球层面，以期充分利用国内和国际的合法性。这项研究为IR奖学金越来越多地参与民粹主义提供了重要的经验教训，为有关全球民粹主义趋势崛起的激烈辩论做出了贡献。与前两次民粹主义政府浪潮相对，最近一波浪潮采用了个人主义风格，感性的公共外交和客户支持技术以及国外的支持网络，从而积极地将民粹主义的国内模式推向了地区和全球层面，以期充分利用国内和国际的合法性。这项研究为IR奖学金越来越多地参与民粹主义提供了重要的经验教训，为有关全球民粹主义趋势崛起的激烈辩论做出了贡献。