International business and management (IB/IM) scholars are increasingly calling for more research attention to subject matter that incorporates global-scale issues (Buckley, Doh, & Benischke, 2017). These calls have frequently focused on societal “grand challenges” that transcend discrete geographical locations and well-defined (typically short) time periods. The present long-term energy transition (LTE), characterized by a shift away from hydrocarbons and towards renewables, represents an important example of a multi-level, multi-actor global challenge that unfolds at the interface of business and society, and requires employing multiple conceptual lenses to process and understand. Researchers addressing such multi-faceted complex problems face a range of challenges related to theorizing, framing, modeling, and ultimately conducting empirical studies. Based on our collective work as IB scholars and journal editors, in this Perspective article we identify some of the challenges long-term energy transitions pose, reflect on how those challenges can be conceptualized, offer potential responses, and propose a future research agenda.

国际商业和管理 (IB/IM) 学者越来越多地呼吁对包含全球规模问题的主题进行更多的研究关注（Buckley、Doh 和 Benischke，2017 年）。这些呼吁经常关注超越离散地理位置和明确定义（通常很短）时间段的社会“重大挑战”。当前的长期能源转型 (LTE) 的特点是从碳氢化合物转向可再生能源，是在商业​​和社会界面展开的多层次、多参与者的全球挑战的一个重要例子，需要采用多个概念镜头来处理和理解。解决此类多方面复杂问题的研究人员面临着一系列与理论化、框架化、建模、并最终进行实证研究。基于我们作为 IB 学者和期刊编辑的集体工作，在这篇 Perspective 文章中，我们确定了长期能源转型带来的一些挑战，思考如何将这些挑战概念化，提供潜在的回应，并提出未来的研究议程。