This paper investigates the international wine trade based on a new sophistication index (called C-Consy) focused on import flows. We posit that the sophistication level of destination countries provides relevant information on the kind of competition a product is going to meet in the final market. The sophistication level for the clients of the major world exporters is assessed for the 2006/07–2016/17 timespan. The main results of our analysis can be summarized as follows: (a) as expected, the category of bottled wines is more sophisticated than the one of bulk wines. However, for some exporters the destination markets for the latter are, indeed, more sophisticated; the C-Consy for sparkling wines varies widely across the destination markets of the main exporters here analyzed, suggesting a variety of different uses; (b) Products sold by the Old Wine World are generally more sophisticated, this is particularly true for Italy and France together with New Zealand which belongs to the so called New Wine World; (c) some exporters differentiate their destinations widely, especially according to wine items, while others concentrate their set of clients in the search for synergies.

本文基于一种新的复杂度指数（称为C-Consy），对国际葡萄酒贸易进行了研究，该指数侧重于进口流量。我们假设目的地国家的复杂程度提供了有关产品在最终市场中将要遇到的竞争类型的相关信息。在2006/07至2016/17年的时间跨度中，对世界主要出口商的客户的复杂程度进行了评估。我们分析的主要结果可以归纳如下：（a）正如预期的那样，瓶装葡萄酒的类别比散装葡萄酒中的一种更为复杂。但是，对于某些出口商而言，后者的目的地市场确实更为复杂。在这里分析的主要出口国的目的地市场中，起泡酒的C-Consy差异很大，表明用途多种多样；（b）由旧葡萄酒世界通常更为复杂，这在意大利和法国以及新西兰（尤其是所谓的新葡萄酒世界）中尤为明显；（c）有些出口商，特别是根据葡萄酒种类，将其目的地广泛地区别开来，而另一些则将其客户集中在寻求协同作用上。