Explanatory style is based on how one explains good and bad events according to three dimensions: personalization, permanence, and pervasiveness. With an optimistic explanatory style, good events are explained as personal, permanent, and pervasive, whereas bad events are explained as external, temporary, and specific. For counsellors, an optimistic explanatory style creates positive expectancy judgments about the possibilities and opportunities for successful client outcomes. In this research study, we explored the explanatory styles expressed in 400 events (200 good events and 200 bad events) extracted from 38,013 writing samples of first year and final year graduate level counsellors in training. Across the three optimism dimensions and within good and bad events, there was one occurrence of a positive relationship between counsellor training time and the amount of expressed optimism. The implications of this study include the need to cultivate optimistic explanatory styles of counsellors in training and practicing counsellors.

解释风格的基础是如何根据三个方面来解释好事和坏事：个性化，持久性和普遍性。用乐观的解释风格，好事件被解释为个人的，永久的和普遍的，而坏事件则被解释为外部的，暂时的和特定的。对于辅导员而言，乐观的解释风格会为成功的客户成果的可能性和机会创造积极的预期判断。在这项研究中，我们探索了从培训的第一年和最后一年的研究生辅导员的38,013个写作样本中提取的400个事件（200个好事件和200个坏事件）中表达的解释方式。在这三个乐观维度中，无论是好事还是坏事，辅导员培训时间与表达的乐观情绪之间存在正相关关系。这项研究的意义包括需要在培训和执业辅导员中培养乐观的辅导员解释风格。