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Analyzing the Gender Gap in Poland and Italy, and by Regions
International Advances in Economic Research ( IF 1.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-01 , DOI: 10.1007/s11294-020-09810-3
Francesca Greselin , Alina Jȩdrzejczak

High-income inequality, accompanied by substantial regional differentiation, is still a great challenge for social policymakers in many European countries. One of the important elements of this phenomenon is the inequality between income distributions of men and women. Using data from the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions, the distributions of income for Italy and Poland were compared, and the gender gap in these countries was assessed. No single metric can capture the full range of experiences, so a set of selected tools were adopted. The Dagum model was fitted to each distribution, summary measures, like the Gini and Zenga inequality indices, were evaluated, and the Zenga curve was employed to detect changes at each income quantile. Afterward, empirical distributions were compared through a relative approach, providing an analytic picture of the gender gap for both countries. The analysis moved beyond the typical focus on average or median earnings differences, towards a focus on how the full distribution of women’s earnings relative to men’s compares. The analysis was performed in the different macroregions of the two countries, with a discussion of the results. The study revealed that income inequality in Poland and Italy varies across gender and regions. In Italy, the highest inequality was observed in the poorest region, i.e. the islands. On the contrary, in Poland, the highest inequality occurred in the richest region, the central one. The relative distribution method was a powerful tool for studying the gender gap.

中文翻译:

按地区分析波兰和意大利的性别差距

高收入不平等伴随着巨大的地区差异,仍然是许多欧洲国家社会政策制定者面临的巨大挑战。这种现象的一个重要因素是男女收入分配的不平等。使用欧盟收入和生活条件统计数据,比较了意大利和波兰的收入分布,并评估了这些国家的性别差距。没有一个单一的指标可以捕获全方位的体验,因此采用了一组选定的工具。Dagum 模型适合每个分布,评估汇总度量,如 Gini 和 Zenga 不平等指数,并使用 Zenga 曲线检测每个收入分位数的变化。然后,通过相对方法比较经验分布,提供两国性别差距的分析图。该分析超越了对平均或中位数收入差异的典型关注,转而关注女性收入相对于男性收入的全面分布情况。分析是在两国不同的宏观区域进行的,并对结果进行了讨论。研究表明,波兰和意大利的收入不平等因性别和地区而异。在意大利,最贫穷的地区,即岛屿,不平等程度最高。相反,在波兰,最富裕的地区,即中部地区,不平等程度最高。相对分布法是研究性别差距的有力工具。该分析超越了对平均或中位数收入差异的典型关注,转而关注女性收入相对于男性收入的全面分布情况。分析是在两国不同的宏观区域进行的,并对结果进行了讨论。研究表明,波兰和意大利的收入不平等因性别和地区而异。在意大利,最贫穷的地区,即岛屿,不平等程度最高。相反,在波兰,最富裕的地区,即中部地区,不平等程度最高。相对分布法是研究性别差距的有力工具。该分析超越了对平均或中位数收入差异的典型关注,转而关注女性收入相对于男性收入的全面分布情况。分析是在两国不同的宏观区域进行的,并对结果进行了讨论。研究表明,波兰和意大利的收入不平等因性别和地区而异。在意大利,最贫穷的地区,即岛屿,不平等程度最高。相反,在波兰,最富裕的地区,即中部地区,不平等程度最高。相对分布法是研究性别差距的有力工具。与结果的讨论。研究表明,波兰和意大利的收入不平等因性别和地区而异。在意大利,最贫穷的地区,即岛屿,不平等程度最高。相反,在波兰,最富裕的地区,即中部地区,不平等程度最高。相对分布法是研究性别差距的有力工具。与结果的讨论。研究表明,波兰和意大利的收入不平等因性别和地区而异。在意大利,最贫穷的地区,即岛屿,不平等程度最高。相反,在波兰,最富裕的地区,即中部地区,不平等程度最高。相对分布法是研究性别差距的有力工具。
更新日期:2020-11-01
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