The global outbreak of COVID-19 forced EU governments to implement drastic confinement measures to contain the spread of the Coronavirus. These measures, however, come at a high economic cost. In this work, we analyze the resilience/preparedness of public health systems, the confinement measures introduced by governments, and their socio-economic effects. We also investigate the relationships between these elements by focusing on the EU Member States. We conduct an after-action review (AAR) study based on three indices. The first index indicates the preparedness of the countries’ health systems to deal with a potential health shock resulting from the COVID-19 outbreak. The second index shows the strictness of confinement measures taken per Member State in spring 2020. Finally, the third index captures the expected socio-economic effects of such measures on each country for the year 2020. Our findings show that on average, countries with less prepared health systems implemented stricter confinement measures and that higher levels of stringency in the confinement measures are associated with stronger, negative, socio-economic impacts. However, the results differ across countries in the case of each index. Overall, the results call for health systems to be better prepared to handle public health crises and for a more coordinated EU approach to overcome divergences across countries.

全球爆发的COVID-19迫使欧盟政府采取严厉的禁闭措施来遏制冠状病毒的传播。但是，这些措施的经济成本很高。在这项工作中，我们分析了公共卫生系统的恢复力/准备情况，政府采取的禁闭措施及其社会经济影响。我们还通过关注欧盟成员国来研究这些要素之间的关系。我们基于三个指标进行事后审查（AAR）研究。第一个指数表示该国的卫生系统已做好准备，以应对因COVID-19爆发而造成的潜在健康冲击。第二个指标显示了2020年春季每个会员国采取的禁闭措施的严格性。最后，第三个指数记录了这些措施对每个国家在2020年的预期社会经济影响。我们的研究结果表明，平均而言，卫生系统准备不足的国家实施了更严格的禁闭措施，并且禁闭措施的严格程度较高具有更强的负面社会经济影响。但是，每个国家/地区的结果在每个指标上都不相同。总体而言，研究结果要求卫生系统为应对公共卫生危机做好更充分的准备，并要求欧盟采取更加协调一致的方法来克服各国之间的分歧。卫生系统准备不足的国家实施了更严格的禁闭措施，而禁闭措施的严格程度较高，则带来了更大，负面的社会经济影响。但是，每个国家/地区的结果在每个指标上都不相同。总体而言，研究结果要求卫生系统为应对公共卫生危机做好更充分的准备，并要求欧盟采取更加协调一致的方法来克服各国之间的分歧。卫生系统准备不足的国家实施了更严格的禁闭措施，而禁闭措施的严格程度较高，则带来了更大，负面的社会经济影响。但是，每个国家/地区的结果在每个指标上都不相同。总体而言，研究结果要求卫生系统为应对公共卫生危机做好更充分的准备，并要求欧盟采取更加协调一致的方法来克服各国之间的分歧。