Sports leagues have requested state legislatures to pass so-called integrity fees or taxes on the entire amount bet on their games, ostensibly to provide resources to protect against game fixing and other corrupt behavior. These fees might just augment league revenues. Integrity fees have different consequences if they are placed on a sports book’s handle or hold. We model one possible consequence of an integrity fee placed on the handle, that sports books might be motivated to avoid pushes, after which they have no hold but face a tax liability. One approach moves to half-point lines which eliminate pushes but might be second best in terms of betting market efficiency. As a case study, we describe the characteristics of recent betting lines in four North American sports. Based on predicted pushes, actual pushes, half-point lines, and the intertemporal correlation between the annual number of pushes and the annual number of half-point lines, it appears that sports books already actively set lines that avoid pushes and could easily adjust to half-point lines motivated by integrity fees.

中文翻译：

---

体育博彩市场的诚信费

体育联盟已要求州立法机构对其比赛的全部投注金额征收所谓的诚信费或税收，表面上是为了提供资源以防止比赛操纵和其他腐败行为。这些费用可能只会增加联盟收入。如果将诚信费放在体育书籍的处理或持有上，它们会产生不同的后果。我们模拟了将诚信费放在句柄上的一个可能后果，即体育书籍可能会受到激励以避免推动，之后他们没有保留但面临纳税义务。一种方法转移到半点线，这消除了推动，但在投注市场效率方面可能是第二好的。作为案例研究，我们描述了北美四项运动中近期投注线的特征。基于预测推、实际推、半点线、