We derive sufficient conditions for non-emptiness of the efficient sets for stochastic dominance relations, usually employed in economics and finance. We do so via the concept of stochastic spanning and its characterization by a saddle-type property. Under the appropriate framework, sufficiency takes the form of semicontinuity of a related functional. In some cases, this boils down to weak continuity of the parameterization of the underlying set of probability distributions.

中文翻译：

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随机优势有效集和随机跨度

我们推导了通常用于经济学和金融业的随机优势关系有效集的非空性的充分条件。我们通过随机扩展的概念以及通过鞍型属性对其进行表征来做到这一点。在适当的框架下，充分性采用相关功能的半连续性形式。在某些情况下，这归结为潜在的概率分布集的参数化的弱连续性。