Objective

Hormones are often conceptualized as biological markers of individual differences and have been associated with a variety of behavioral indicators and characteristics, such as mating behavior or acquiring and maintaining dominance. However, before researchers create strong theoretical models for how hormones modulate individual and social behavior, information on how hormones are associated with dominant models of personality is needed. Although there have been some studies attempting to quantify the associations between personality traits, testosterone, and cortisol, there are many inconsistencies across these studies.

Methods

In this registered report, we examined associations between testosterone, cortisol, and Big Five personality traits. We aggregated 25 separate samples to yield a single sample of 3964 (50.3% women; 27.7% of women were on hormonal contraceptives). Participants completed measures of personality and provided saliva samples for testosterone and cortisol assays.

Results

The results from multi-level models and meta-analyses revealed mostly weak, non-significant associations between testosterone or cortisol and personality traits. The few significant effects were still very small in magnitude (e.g., testosterone and conscientiousness: r = −0.05). A series of moderation tests revealed that hormone-personality associations were mostly similar in men and women, those using hormonal contraceptives or not, and regardless of the interaction between testosterone and cortisol (i.e., a variant of the dual-hormone hypothesis).

Conclusions

Altogether, we did not detect many robust associations between Big Five personality traits and testosterone or cortisol. The findings are discussed in the context of biological models of personality and the utility of examining heterogeneity in hormone-personality associations.

中文翻译：

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估计五种人格特质，睾丸激素和皮质醇之间的关联

客观的

激素通常被概念化为个体差异的生物学标记，并且已与多种行为指标和特征（例如交配行为或获得并保持主导地位）相关联。但是，在研究人员建立有关激素如何调节个人和社会行为的强有力的理论模型之前，需要有关激素如何与主导型人格模型相关联的信息。尽管有一些研究试图量化人格特质，睾丸激素和皮质醇之间的联系，但是在这些研究中仍然存在许多矛盾之处。

方法

在这份注册报告中，我们研究了睾丸激素，皮质醇和五种人格特质之间的关联。我们汇总了25个单独的样本，得到了3964个样本（50.3％的女性； 27.7％的女性使用了激素避孕药）。参与者完成了人格测量，并提供了唾液样本用于睾丸激素和皮质醇测定。

结果

多层次模型和荟萃分析的结果显示，睾丸激素或皮质醇与人格特质之间的联系大多微弱，不显着。少数重要影响的幅度仍然很小（例如，睾丸激素和尽职调查：r  = −0.05）。一系列的适度测试显示，无论是否使用激素避孕药，并且无论睾丸激素和皮质醇之间是否相互作用（即双激素假说的一种变体），男女之间的激素-人格关联都基本相似。

结论

总体而言，我们没有发现五种人格特质与睾丸激素或皮质醇之间有很强的关联性。在人格生物学模型和检查激素-人格关联中的异质性的实用性的背景下讨论了这些发现。