Rodrik (2018) hypothesises that technology used in global value chains (GVCs) is biased against the use of unskilled workers. To test this hypothesis, we introduce a GVC production function in which final output is produced by means of factor inputs from all countries that participate in the GVC. In contrast, previous studies only consider one stage of production using inputs from a single country. We derive substitution elasticities and labour demand bias in a system of translog GVC cost equations. We find that technical change in GVCs was strongly biased against the use of low-educated workers, neutral for middle-educated workers and in favour of high-educated workers. We show that the biases moderate the potential of GVCs to increase demand for low-educated workers in low-income countries.

中文翻译：

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全球价值链中的劳动力需求：是否存在对非技术工作的偏见？

Rodrik (2018) 假设全球价值链 (GVC) 中使用的技术偏向于使用非熟练工人。为了检验这个假设，我们引入了一个全球价值链生产函数，其中最终产出是通过所有参与全球价值链的国家的要素投入生产的。相比之下，以前的研究只考虑使用来自单个国家的投入的一个生产阶段。我们在 translog 全球价值链成本方程系统中推导出替代弹性和劳动力需求偏差。我们发现全球价值链中的技术变革强烈反对使用受过低教育的工人，对受过中等教育的工人持中立态度，并有利于受过高等教育的工人。我们表明，这些偏见缓和了全球价值链增加低收入国家对低教育工人需求的潜力。