Aside from the very high inequality of land ownership, South Africa is characterised by a dual land tenure system comprising of private ownership and communal land ownership. Using waves 4 and 5 of the National Income Dynamics Study longitudinal data set, a set of econometric methodologies is employed to quantify the impact of ownership and tenure on an index of subjective wellbeing (SWB) constructed from eight self-reported responses covering general life satisfaction, contrast, social capital, mental health and hope for future. Controlling for the income effect and other pertinent drivers of SWB, the study highlights the non-income impact of land ownership and tenure on the subjective wellbeing of individuals. To account for possible endogeneity and self-selection, instrumental variable and matching method-based treatment effects are computed. This paper has two main findings in relation to land tenure in South Africa: (a) land owners have on average a higher index of SWB compared to those not owning land, and (b) owning land privately, compared to owning land communally, has a positive impact on subjective wellbeing within land owners. These results are consistent and statistically significant across the various estimation strategies and provide additional motivation for expediting land reforms in South Africa.

中文翻译：

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南非土地所有权和使用权对主观幸福感的非收入影响

除了土地所有权的高度不平等外，南非的特点是双重土地所有权制度，包括私人所有权和公共土地所有权。使用国家收入动态研究纵向数据集的第 4 波和第 5 波，采用一组计量经济学方法来量化所有权和使用权对主观幸福感 (SWB) 指数的影响，该指数由涵盖一般生活满意度的八个自我报告的响应构成，对比，社会资本，心理健康和对未来的希望。控制收入效应和主观幸福感的其他相关驱动因素，该研究强调了土地所有权和使用权对个人主观幸福感的非收入影响。为了考虑可能的内生性和自我选择，计算工具变量和基于匹配方法的治疗效果。本文有两个关于南非土地使用权的主要发现：(a) 与不拥有土地的人相比，土地所有者平均拥有更高的 SWB 指数，以及 (b) 与拥有公共土地相比，私人拥有土地对土地所有者主观幸福感的积极影响。这些结果在各种估算策略中是一致且具有统计意义的，并为加快南非的土地改革提供了额外的动力。