The performance of innovation systems depends, to a great extent, on the degree of public–private collaboration they involve. Thus, innovation policies often aim to enhance this collaboration through public–private partnerships. These partnerships are a multidimensional phenomenon whose success depends on factors related to each of their dimensions. This paper proposes the use of an analytical model that reflects the multidimensional nature of public–private partnerships and analyses to what extent they are applied in a specific innovation system in order to identify the territorial and sectorial factors that act as barriers or drivers to use them. This model aims to help policy makers design appropriate public–private partnerships in each context. The case under review is the Spanish innovation system, given that this system has been suffering from a structural lack of collaboration for several decades, despite the implementation of policies aimed to foster this. Thus, if the model works, it should be able to identify key factors that influence greater or more restricted use of the different PPP formulas.

中文翻译：

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分析科学，技术和创新政策中公私合营的地域和部门范围

创新系统的绩效在很大程度上取决于它们所涉及的公私合作程度。因此，创新政策通常旨在通过公私伙伴关系来加强这种合作。这些伙伴关系是一个多维现象，其成功取决于与每个维度有关的因素。本文建议使用一种分析模型来反映公私伙伴关系的多维性质，并分析它们在特定创新系统中的应用程度，以便确定阻碍其使用的障碍或驱动因素的地域性和部门性因素。该模型旨在帮助决策者在每种情况下设计适当的公私合作伙伴关系。正在审查的案例是西班牙的创新体系，鉴于数十年来，尽管实施了旨在促进这种合作的政策，但该系统一直在结构上缺乏协作。因此，如果模型有效，它应该能够确定影响不同PPP公式使用或多或少使用受限的关键因素。