Rome and the Roman idea of imperium – a centring, totalizing military and legal right to rule and command obedience – looms large behind innumerable historical instances of geopolitical aspiration. Yet the story of ancient Rome and the empire it shaped does not belong to Rome alone. From the very beginning, and throughout its history, it was linked repeatedly and inextricably to a peripheral alter-ego: Carthage, established in present-day Tunisia by Phoenicians settlers from Tyre. Much has been written about the historiographical representation of the conflicts between the two cities. The focus of ‘Time and Memory in Carthage’ is instead on the city's spatial and memorial presence, and on the raking light it throws across the narrative of empire that European tradition inherited from Rome. Using a range of material from Virgil's Aeneid to medieval and Renaissance visual depictions of Carthage, this essay attends to the strange tricks that the city of Carthage plays with both time and space, both in the Roman imagination, and in the early modern world – opening up spaces of conversation and alterity that survived even as the city's architectural space was destroyed, reappropriated, rebuilt, and reimagined.

中文翻译：

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迦太基的时间和记忆

罗马和罗马的帝国理念– 一项集中的、综合的军事和法律权利来统治和命令服从 – 在无数地缘政治抱负的历史实例背后隐约可见。然而，古罗马及其塑造的帝国的故事并不只属于罗马。从一开始，在整个历史中，它就与一个外围的另一个自我反复且密不可分地联系在一起：迦太基，由来自提尔的腓尼基人定居者在今天的突尼斯建立。关于这两个城市之间冲突的历史描述已经写了很多。相反，“迦太基的时间与记忆”的重点是城市的空间和纪念性存在，以及它在欧洲传统从罗马继承的帝国叙事上投下的光芒。使用维吉尔的埃涅阿斯纪中的一系列材料 与中世纪和文艺复兴时期对迦太基的视觉描绘相比，这篇文章关注了迦太基市在罗马想象和现代早期世界中玩弄时间和空间的奇怪技巧——打开了幸存下来的对话和他异性空间即使城市的建筑空间被摧毁、重新利用、重建和重新构想。