Recent years have seen a dramatic growth in the study of frictions that individuals experience, especially in their interactions with the public sector, creating both the potential for new research opportunities and conceptual confusion. We seek to head off the latter by providing, in one place, a definition, description of the development, and comparison of four dominant conceptions of frictions: ordeal mechanisms, red tape, administrative burden, and sludge. In particular, we discuss the four concepts' definitions and use in terms of their objectivity, distributive effects, object and domain, and deliberate design. This article helps researchers to understand the overlap and distinctions between these concepts and the role of public administration in these different traditions. Comparisons of the different approaches' thinking also suggest opportunities for mutual learning.

中文翻译：

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负担、污泥、磨难、繁文缛节、天哪！：摩擦研究用户指南

近年来，对个人经历的摩擦的研究有了显着的增长，特别是在他们与公共部门的互动中，创造了新的研究机会和概念混乱的潜力。我们试图通过在一个地方提供对四种主要摩擦概念的定义、发展描述和比较来阻止后者：磨难机制、繁文缛节、行政负担和污泥。特别是，我们从客观性、分配效应、对象和领域以及精心设计的角度讨论了这四个概念的定义和使用。本文帮助研究人员了解这些概念之间的重叠和区别以及公共行政在这些不同传统中的作用。不同方法的比较'