This is a translation of a paper which the late Peter Winch wrote in German for a 1987 conference. He deals with fundamental issues in ethics, especially with the Wittgensteinian idea that “primitive reactions” play a crucial role in the formation of moral concepts. It also responds to an important objection, namely that primitive reactions can be as much immoral as moral. Ranging as it does over Winch’s interests in Wittgenstein, Simone Weil and Plato, the paper can serve as a concise introduction to Winch’s work.

中文翻译：

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彼得·温奇（Peter Winch）：“团结：预设还是需求？”

这是已故彼得·温奇（Peter Winch）在1987年会议上用德语撰写的论文的翻译。他处理伦理学的基本问题，尤其是维特根斯坦主义的思想，即“原始反应”在道德概念的形成中起着至关重要的作用。它也回应了一个重要的反对意见，即原始反应既可能是道德的，也可能是不道德的。这篇论文与Winch在维特根斯坦（Wittgenstein），西蒙娜·韦尔（Simone Weil）和柏拉图（Plato）的利益大相径庭，可以作为对温奇（Winch）工作的简要介绍。