According to sententialism, ‘Otto said that I am a fool’ expresses the holding of a relation between Otto and the sentence ‘I am a fool’. Sententialism is generally considered doomed, but I will show that a suitably developed sententialist account can surmount the many objections that have been raised. I will also show how important it is to have a fairer attitude towards sententialism. For if sententialist accounts are recognised as real options, it should also be recognised that the conclusion, drawn by many, that sentences such as the report above force us to introduce Kaplanian monsters is unwarranted.

中文翻译：

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奥托说我是个傻瓜：句子主义、索引和卡普兰式怪物

根据句子主义，“奥托说我是傻瓜”表达了奥托与句子“我是傻瓜”之间的关系。句子主义通常被认为是注定要失败的，但我将表明，适当发展的句子主义解释可以克服已经提出的许多反对意见。我还将展示对句子主义采取更公平的态度是多么重要。因为如果句子主义的叙述被认为是实物期权，那么还应该认识到，许多人得出的结论，如上述报告之类的句子迫使我们引入卡普兰怪物是没有根据的。