For many philosophers, bad‐history wrongdoers are primarily interesting because of what their cases might tell us about the interaction of moral responsibility and history. However, philosophers focusing on blameworthiness have overlooked important questions about blame itself. These bad‐history cases are complicated because blame and sympathy are both fitting. When we are careful to consider the rich natures of those two reactions, we see that they conflict in several important ways. We should see bad‐history cases as cases about whether and how we should blame, rather than as cases giving us ready insight into the nature of moral responsibility.

中文翻译：

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同情坏历史的恶棍

对于许多哲学家来说，不良历史的不法行为者首先很有趣，因为他们的案例可能告诉我们有关道德责任和历史的相互作用。但是，专注于责备的哲学家却忽略了有关责备本身的重要问题。这些糟糕的历史案例很复杂，因为责备和同情都是合适的。当我们仔细考虑这两个反应的丰富性质时，我们发现它们以几种重要方式发生冲突。我们应该将不良历史案例视为关于我们是否应该以及应该如何受到指责的案例，而不是让我们对道德责任的性质有充分了解的案例。