Longitudinal panel studies are widely used in developmental science to address important research questions on human development across the lifespan. These studies, however, are often challenging to implement. They can be costly, time‐consuming, and vulnerable to test–retest effects or high attrition over time. Planned missingness designs (PMDs), in which partial data are intentionally collected from all or some of the participants, are viable solutions to these challenges. This article provides an overview of several PMDs with potential utilities in longitudinal studies, including the multi‐form designs, multi‐method designs, varying lag designs, accelerated longitudinal designs, and efficient designs for analysis of change. For each of the designs, the basic rationale, design considerations, data analysis, advantages, and limitations are discussed. The article is concluded with some general recommendations to developmental researchers and promising directions for future research.

中文翻译：

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将计划缺失设计应用于发展科学的纵向小组研究：概述

纵向小组研究广泛用于发展科学，以解决有关人类整个生命周期发展的重要研究问题。然而，这些研究往往难以实施。随着时间的推移，它们可能成本高、耗时长，并且容易受到重测效应或高损耗的影响。计划缺失设计 (PMD) 是从所有或部分参与者有意收集部分数据的计划，是应对这些挑战的可行解决方案。本文概述了几种在纵向研究中具有潜在效用的 PMD，包括多形式设计、多方法设计、不同滞后设计、加速纵向设计和用于分析变化的有效设计。对于每个设计，基本原理、设计考虑、数据分析、优点、和限制进行了讨论。文章最后给出了对发展研究人员的一些一般性建议以及未来研究的有希望的方向。