In the article, I analyse the ways in which peasants built their national identity within the Polish territories. The 16th century saw the emergence of the so‐called “noble democracy” founded upon the idea of “the Polish nation.” This “noble democracy,” constructed in opposition to the figure of king, was organized around the notion of civil liberty, the right to ownership and the right to decide about the state affairs. Yet, it put peasants outside of the framework of the nation. After the collapse of the state and the partitions, the founders of the modern idea of the nation within the Polish territories in the 19th century referred to that “(noble) democratic” tradition of the nation. To them, this gesture was an act of resistance against the politics of the states that had conducted the partitions. The tradition, however, became a dominant one. Peasants then build the national identity on the basis of the 16th‐century tradition which excluded them from the body of the nation, and I call this prothesis of identity.

中文翻译：

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什么国家？波兰的农民，记忆和民族认同

在本文中，我分析了农民在波兰领土上建立民族身份的方式。16世纪见证了建立在“波兰民族”思想基础上的所谓“高贵民主”。这种反对国王形象的“高贵民主”是围绕公民自由，所有权权和决定国家事务的权利而组织的。但是，它把农民置于国家框架之外。在国家和分裂的瓦解之后，19世纪波兰领土内的民族现代思想的奠基人提到了民族的“（高贵）民主”传统。对他们来说，这一举动是对进行分区的国家的政治的抵制。然而，这一传统已成为主流。