Between 1870 and 1920, American manufacturers designed furniture that re‐shaped the sensorial experience of office work. To help businesses inculcate efficient practice, furniture re‐shaped the posture of employees, programmed their actions, and determined sight lines, soundscapes, and circulation patterns. In the catalogs, textbooks, and trade journals they published, manufacturers gendered and racialized furniture and occupations. By 1920, White‐owned businesses adopted methods built upon standard mass‐produced furniture that affixed White male clerks to their desks and transferred the responsibility for moving information through the office to middle‐class White women. Understanding the historical use of furniture to shape demographics in the twentieth century office opens possibilities and opportunities for new paradigms in workspaces.

中文翻译：

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绑在办公桌上：1870年至1920年的办公室工作经历

在1870年至1920年之间，美国制造商设计的家具改变了办公室工作的感官体验。为了帮助企业灌输有效的实践，家具重新塑造了员工的姿势，对员工的行为进行了编程，并确定了视线，音景和流通方式。在他们出版的目录，教科书和行业期刊中，制造商将家具和职业性别化和种族化。到1920年，白人拥有的企业采用了以大量生产的标准家具为基础的方法，这些家具将白人男性文员固定在办公桌上，并将信息通过办公室转移给中产阶级白人女性的责任。了解二十世纪办公室家具的历史使用来塑造人口统计特征，为工作空间中新范式的发展提供了可能性和机会。