The displacement of Venezuelan citizens represents an important test for Latin American refugee policies. In mid-2020, over 5 million people in need of international protection had left Venezuela, and there have been repeated calls for their recognition as refugees. Although fifteen countries in Latin America have included the refugee definition of the Cartagena Declaration into their domestic laws, only Mexico and Brazil have applied this definition to Venezuelan citizens. After a brief discussion of the history and scope of the Cartagena Declaration refugee definition and its incorporation into domestic legislation across Latin America, in this article, we provide a systematic legal analysis of its applicability to Venezuelan displacement. We conclude with policy recommendations and suggestions for further research.

中文翻译：

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拉丁美洲的卡塔赫纳难民定义和委内瑞拉流离失所1

委内瑞拉公民的流离失所是对拉丁美洲难民政策的一次重要考验。2020 年年中，超过 500 万需要国际保护的人离开委内瑞拉，人们一再呼吁承认他们为难民。尽管拉丁美洲有 15 个国家已将《卡塔赫纳宣言》中的难民定义纳入其国内法，但只有墨西哥和巴西将这一定义应用于委内瑞拉公民。在简要讨论了卡塔赫纳宣言难民定义的历史和范围以及将其纳入拉丁美洲的国内立法之后，我们在本文中对其适用于委内瑞拉流离失所的情况进行了系统的法律分析。最后，我们提出了政策建议和进一步研究的建议。