This article uses the job demand-resources (JD-R) model to analyze the Japanese population and gender differences in work-to-family conflict in Japan. Using data from the International Social Survey Programme in 2015, the study addresses four main questions: (i) does the JD-R model apply to the Japanese population? (ii) which gender is more likely to experience work-to-family conflict? (iii) does gender moderate the relationship between work-related factors and work-to-family conflict? and (iv) do different factors predict work-to-family conflict between men and women? The findings show that the JD-R model applies in part to the Japanese population, and women are more likely to experience a higher level of work-to-family conflict than men. There are also different factors predicting work-to-family conflict by gender, even though gender does not moderate the relationship between work-related factors and work-to-family conflict. This article points out the peculiar Japanese social and cultural contexts that lead to gender differences in work-to-family conflict. It offers two solutions: (i) legal regulations to reduce working hours and the frequency of working on weekends to prevent work from intruding on family life; and (ii) changes to the work environment to make women workers more comfortable at work because of the male-dominated workplace and Japanese culture on family gender roles in Japan.

中文翻译：

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日本工作特征对工作与家庭冲突影响的性别差异：工作需求-资源模型在日本人口中的应用1

本文使用工作需求资源（JD-R）模型来分析日本人口和日本工作与家庭冲突中的性别差异。使用 2015 年国际社会调查计划的数据，该研究解决了四个主要问题：(i) JD-R 模型是否适用于日本人口？(ii) 哪种性别更有可能经历工作与家庭的冲突？(iii) 性别是否会调节工作相关因素与工作与家庭冲突之间的关系？(iv) 是否有不同的因素可以预测男女之间的工作与家庭冲突？研究结果表明，JD-R 模型部分适用于日本人口，女性比男性更有可能经历更高程度的工作与家庭冲突。还有不同的因素可以按性别预测工作与家庭的冲突，尽管性别并不能调节工作相关因素与工作与家庭冲突之间的关系。本文指出了导致工作与家庭冲突中的性别差异的特殊日本社会和文化背景。它提供了两种解决方案：(i) 减少工作时间和周末工作频率的法律规定，以防止工作干扰家庭生活；(ii) 由于男性占主导地位的工作场所和日本关于家庭性别角色的文化，改变工作环境以使女性工人在工作中更加舒适。(i) 减少工作时间和周末工作频率以防止工作干扰家庭生活的法律规定；(ii) 由于男性占主导地位的工作场所和日本关于家庭性别角色的文化，改变工作环境以使女性工人在工作中更加舒适。(i) 减少工作时间和周末工作频率以防止工作干扰家庭生活的法律规定；(ii) 由于男性占主导地位的工作场所和日本关于家庭性别角色的文化，改变工作环境以使女性工人在工作中更加舒适。