This article discusses how the approach towards sexual minorities has shifted from exclusion to inclusion between the mid‐1980s and the present, and explores how the view that Japan is more tolerant of sexual minorities than the USA and Europe actually limits discussions on citizenship. An examination of the AIDS crisis and the Fuchu Youth Center court case in the 1980s and 1990s shows that gay men were regarded as a threat to national identity, seen to endanger Japan and whose sexuality was deemed to be unintelligible. In a word, their citizenship was denied. In the 2010s the ruling Liberal Democratic party issued a report on sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) issues, which examined measures aimed at achieving equality for those who suffer from SOGI discrimination. While sexual minorities became an object of inclusion, only partial and circumscribed citizenship was granted. Although the report ostensibly aims to promote SOGI diversity, it relegates the existence of minorities to the private sphere, and limits diversity by demanding the acceptance of a “tolerant culture” predicated on heterosexism and gender norms. By positioning their diversity effort in Japan's “tolerant traditional culture,” the party inadvertently incorporates nationalism and renders it central to their approach towards SOGI diversity. This article concludes that the discourse that the Japanese state is tolerant of sexual minorities undermines the recognition of sexual minorities’ citizenship.

中文翻译：

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有条件的包容：性少数，宽容和民族主义

本文讨论了在1980年代中期到现在之间对性少数群体的态度如何从排斥转变为包容性，并探讨了日本比美国和欧洲更容忍性少数群体的观点如何实际上限制了关于公民身份的讨论。对AIDS危机和1980年代和1990年代府中青年中心法院案件的研究表明，男同性恋被视为对民族身份的威胁，被视为危及日本，其性被认为是难以理解的。一言以蔽之，他们的公民身份被拒绝了。在2010年代，执政的自由民主党发表了一份关于性取向和性别认同（SOGI）问题的报告，该报告审查了旨在实现遭受SOGI歧视者平等的措施。当性少数成为一个包容对象时，仅授予部分和限制的公民身份。尽管该报告表面上旨在促进SOGI多样性，但它却将少数群体的存在放归私人领域，并通过要求接受以异性恋和性别规范为基础的“宽容文化”来限制多样性。通过将他们的多样性努力置于日本的“宽容传统文化”中，该党无意中融入了民族主义，并将其置于其实现SOGI多样性方法的中心。本文的结论是，日本政府容忍性少数群体的言论破坏了对性少数群体公民身份的承认。通过要求接受基于异性恋和性别规范的“宽容文化”来限制多样性。通过将他们的多样性努力置于日本的“宽容传统文化”中，该党无意中融入了民族主义，并将民族主义置于其实现SOGI多样性方法的中心。本文的结论是，日本政府容忍性少数群体的言论破坏了对性少数群体公民身份的承认。通过要求接受基于异性恋和性别规范的“宽容文化”来限制多样性。通过将他们的多样性努力置于日本的“宽容传统文化”中，该党无意中融入了民族主义，并将其置于其实现SOGI多样性方法的中心。本文的结论是，日本政府容忍性少数群体的言论破坏了对性少数群体公民身份的承认。