There is a growing consensus in political science research that higher education systems are classifiable into stable distinct types that reflect dominant trends in government partisanship. There is also a large body of higher education research that argues that higher education systems are changing and converging upon a neoliberal type, which is not yet reflected in the political science literature. This paper seeks to reconcile these two positions by looking at both the development of higher education systems in the post-war period and subsequent systemic reforms that have been identified as neoliberal. There have been two main targets of reform: (a) the role the state plays in funding and targeting research, and (b) student finance regimes consisting of tuition fees and the system of financial aid. This paper provides an in-depth look at the cases of Japan and the United Kingdom, which developed into very different systems in the post-war period but have since shown slight convergence on the back of neoliberal reforms.

中文翻译：

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日本和英国高等教育的发展：新自由主义的影响

政治科学研究中越来越多的共识是，高等教育系统可分为稳定的不同类型，这些类型反映了政府党派偏见的主要趋势。还有大量高等教育研究认为，高等教育系统正在改变并趋同于一种新自由主义类型，这在政治科学文献中尚未反映出来。本文试图通过考察战后时期高等教育体系的发展和随后被确定为新自由主义的系统性改革来调和这两种立场。改革的主要目标有两个：(a) 国家在资助和定向研究方面的作用，以及 (b) 由学费和经济援助系统组成的学生资助制度。