Dahrendorf´s Quandary, an early formulation of the Rodrik Trilemma, stipulates that maintaining economic competitiveness requires countries either to adopt measures detrimental to the cohesion of civil society, or to restrict civil liberties and political participation. The global financial and economic crisis of 2008–09 offers a test case for the applicability of the Quandary. We do so by examining economic, political and social stressors afflicting countries during the period of 2009–2014 relative to the severity and type of crises they experienced, and the ensuing political consequences for economy policy, democracy and society prevalent in 2019. We find that the Quandary does not apply uniformly across advanced market economies. Instead we detect distinct clusters that vary in their intensity of the tension the Quandary stipulates. We also find a consistent and positive relationship between Quandary intensity and crisis severity, yet obtain inconclusive results when looking at the relationship with current trends. The findings suggest that the crisis preparedness and the actual governance capability of countries to address the negative effects of economic globalization are key to managing the tensions inherent in the Dahrendorf Quandary and the Rodrik Trilemma.

中文翻译：

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达伦多夫困境、危机严重程度和国家表现

达伦多夫的窘境是罗德里克三难困境的早期表述，它规定保持经济竞争力要求国家要么采取不利于公民社会凝聚力的措施，要么限制公民自由和政治参与。2008-09 年的全球金融和经济危机为“窘境”的适用性提供了一个测试案例。我们通过检查 2009 年至 2014 年期间影响国家的经济、政治和社会压力因素与它们所经历的危机的严重程度和类型，以及随之而来的 2019 年普遍存在的经济政策、民主和社会的政治后果来实现这一目标。我们发现，该窘境在发达市场经济体中并不统一适用。相反，我们检测到不同的集群，它们的强度在《窘境》规定的张力上有所不同。我们还发现困境强度和危机严重程度之间存在一致且积极的关系，但在查看与当前趋势的关系时，得出的结果尚无定论。研究结果表明，危机准备和各国应对经济全球化负面影响的实际治理能力是管理达伦多夫困境和罗德里克三难困境中固有紧张局势的关键。