This article has two objectives, both of which are new. First, it presents a new framework of punishment in nine dimensions, which makes it possible to distinguish systematically between different conceptualizations of the nature of punishment. Second, using the framework, it discusses the relationship between restorative justice and punishment, showing that some cases of restorative justice constitute punishment from the perspectives of some of the punishment positions in the framework but not for others. Thus, according to some positions, restorative justice (mediation, conferences, circles, etc.) is punishment.

中文翻译：

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恢复性司法惩罚是吗？

本文有两个目标，这两个都是新的。首先，它从九个维度提出了一种新的刑罚框架，这使得有可能系统地区分刑罚性质的不同概念。其次，使用该框架讨论了恢复性司法与惩罚之间的关系，表明从框架中某些惩罚立场的角度来看，一些恢复性司法案件构成了惩罚，而对其他情况则不构成惩罚。因此，根据某些立场，恢复性司法（调解，会议，圈子等）是一种惩罚。