The role of photocoagulation in retinal vein occlusion (RVO) has been studied since 1974. The most serious complications of central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) and branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) are: (i) visual deterioration, most commonly due to macular edema, and (ii) the development of ocular neovascularization (NV), particularly neovascular glaucoma (NVG), with hazardous consequences for vision and even the eye itself.

Before discussing the role of photocoagulation in the management of NV and macular edema in RVO, it is crucial to gain a basic scientific understanding of the following relevant issues: classification of RVO, ocular NV in RVO, and the natural history of macular edema and visual outcome of RVO. These topics are discussed.

In CRVO, ocular NV is a complication of ischemic CRVO but not of nonischemic CRVO. Photocoagulation has been advocated to prevent and/or treat the development of ocular NV and NVG. Since NVG is the most dreaded, intractable and blinding complication of ischemic CRVO, the role of photocoagulation and its management are discussed. Findings of three randomized, prospective clinical trials dealing with photocoagulation in ischemic CRVO are discussed.

The role of photocoagulation in the management of ocular NV and macular edema in BRVO, and three randomized, prospective clinical trials dealing with those are discussed.

Recent advent of intravitreal anti-VEGF and corticosteroid therapies has drastically changed the role of photocoagulation in the management of macular edema and NV in CRVO and BRVO. This is discussed in detail.

自 1974 年以来，人们一直在研究光凝在视网膜静脉阻塞 (RVO) 中的作用。视网膜中央静脉阻塞 (CRVO) 和视网膜分支静脉阻塞 (BRVO) 最严重的并发症是：(i) 视力下降，最常见的原因是黄斑水肿，以及 (ii) 眼部新生血管 (NV) 的发展，特别是新生血管性青光眼 (NVG)，对视力甚至眼睛本身造成危险后果。

在讨论光凝在 RVO 中 NV 和黄斑水肿管理中的作用之前，对以下相关问题有基本的科学认识至关重要：RVO 的分类、RVO 中的眼部 NV，以及黄斑水肿和视觉的自然史RVO 的结果。讨论了这些主题。

在 CRVO 中，眼部 NV 是缺血性 CRVO 的并发症，但不是非缺血性 CRVO 的并发症。有人提倡光凝术来预防和/或治疗眼部 NV 和 NVG 的发展。由于 NVG 是缺血性 CRVO 最可怕、最棘手和致盲的并发症，因此讨论了光凝的作用及其管理。讨论了三项关于缺血性 CRVO 光凝的随机前瞻性临床试验的结果。

讨论了光凝在 BRVO 眼部 NV 和黄斑水肿管理中的作用，以及针对这些问题的三项随机前瞻性临床试验。

最近玻璃体内抗 VEGF 和皮质类固醇疗法的出现极大地改变了光凝在 CRVO 和 BRVO 黄斑水肿和 NV 管理中的作用。对此进行了详细讨论。