This study investigated the effect of heavy metals on Labeo rohita inhabiting the Yamuna River, India. Levels of heavy metals measured in the water were as follows: Fe>Mn>Zn>Cu>Ni>Cr>Cd. Gill and liver tissue of exposed L. rohita showed a high metal pollution index, compared to reference fish collected from the Agra Canal. In the exposed fish, higher levels of creatinine and enzyme activity (alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase) were observed, while the A:G index declined. Additionally, higher TLC, lymphocytes, respiratory burst, and nitric oxide synthase activity indicated a heightened immune response. Levels of superoxide dismutase and lipid peroxidation were elevated, while catalase, glutathione S transferase, and glutathione was reduced. DNA of the exposed fish appeared deteriorated, with a greater mean tail length in comparison to the reference. Our results imply that Yamuna River water generates oxidative stress and DNA damage in L. rohita. As this river is a critical source of water and food to the native community, this could pose a threat to public health similar to that in the indicator organism.

这项研究调查了重金属对居住在印度Yamuna河上的Labeo rohita的影响。水中测得的重金属含量如下：Fe> Mn> Zn> Cu> Ni> Cr> Cd。暴露的罗氏乳杆菌的和肝组织与从阿格拉运河（Agra Canal）收集的参考鱼相比，其金属污染指数高。在暴露的鱼中，观察到较高水平的肌酐和酶活性（碱性磷酸酶，天冬氨酸转氨酶和丙氨酸转氨酶），而A：G指数下降。此外，较高的TLC，淋巴细胞，呼吸爆发和一氧化氮合酶活性表明免疫反应增强。超氧化物歧化酶和脂质过氧化的水平升高，而过氧化氢酶，谷胱甘肽S转移酶和谷胱甘肽降低。暴露的鱼的DNA似乎变质了，与参考相比，其平均尾巴长度更大。我们的结果表明，亚穆纳河水会在罗希塔酒中产生氧化应激和DNA损伤。由于这条河是土著社区的重要水和食物来源，因此这可能对公共健康构成威胁，类似于指示生物。