ABSTRACT

Collective skill formation systems thrive if employers’ skill needs are reflected in apprenticeship training programmes and firms offer apprenticeship positions. Occupation-level adaptation processes underpin these systems, which offer upper-secondary level vocational education leading to hundreds of occupations. Yet, it is considered challenging to introduce new apprenticeships in sectors without training tradition. Based on the case of the newly created cableway mechanic occupation, this paper suggests that the institutional context in combination with effortful institutional work allowed a business association to introduce a small new occupation in the Swiss vocational education and training system. The cableway association mobilised firms, legitimised the new occupation towards public authorities, lobbied for more financial support, and fought to gain apprentices. Ten years after the introduction, finally, financial difficulties were overcome, and the apprenticeship institutionalised in the educational landscape.

摘要

如果雇主的技能需求在学徒培训计划中得到体现，并且公司提供学徒职位，则集体技能形成系统将蓬勃发展。职业适应过程是这些系统的基础，该系统提供了导致数百种职业的高等职业教育。但是，在没有培训传统的行业中引入新的学徒制被认为是一项挑战。基于新创建的索道机械师职业的案例，本文认为，制度背景与辛勤的制度工作相结合，使一家商业协会在瑞士的职业教育和培训体系中引入了一个小的新职业。索道协会动员了公司，将新职业合法化为公共机构，并游说寻求更多的财政支持，并争取学徒。引进十年后，终于克服了财务困难，学徒制度在教育领域得以制度化。